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IS RUMMY A GAME OF LUCK OR SKILL?
Skill gaming is strongly tipped to become the next billion dollar market in the online gaming industry with games such as Scrabble, Chess, Backgammon, Solitaire, Bridge and of course Rummy growing in popularity at an incredible pace. Although recent legislation in the United States appears to classify Poker as a game of chance, there is a strong movement towards recognising Poker as a skill based game. Judge Thomas A. James Junior of Columbia County in January 2009 presided over a case in Pennsylvania state, in which it was decided that in Texas Holdem Poker, "it is apparent that skill predominates over chance" thereby removing Poker from the definition of illegal gambling for the state.

Some states equate all forms of online gaming for money with gambling but many argue that distinctions drawn between games classified as skill or as luck are vague and lack consistency across jurisdictions. There are very few precedents and the debate seems to be ongoing, particularly in the United States. People often compare Poker with Rummy concerning the level of skill versus luck. Certainly one can say that the situation of the hand in almost all Rummy games is constantly changing as the draw and discard process evolves through the course of a game. Decisions are required on the play of almost every card and such decisions can materially alter the likelihood of a positive outcome for a given player.

Of course, luck or chance does play a part with all games due to nature or a randomizing device such as dice, playing cards, a coin flip or a random number generator employed within gaming software. Rummy is no different and therefore the laws of probability do enter the game. Every player will invariably run into a streak of what can be considered good or bad luck but it is important to note that this does not characterise the game and invariably skilled players are playing against real opponents and therefore will win hands on a much more consistent basis than those who are less skilled.

LUCK ROULETTE BINGO BLACKJACK POKER BACKGAMMON MONOPOLY RUMMY BRIDGE SCRABBLE CHESS SKILL
Its very difficult to rank games in terms of luck or skill but a number of them fall into the category of requiring a larger amount of skill and strategy versus luck and chance, such as for example, Chess, Scrabble and card games such as Bridge. According to an article published by Associated Content: "Rummy and a variety of other card games are great for building critical thinking skills ... people enjoy games such as Rummy, Gin, and Bridge because they are social activities that also promote a sense of relaxed competition. Rummy and other such games require a fair bit of thinking and like Chess ... causes the brain to work out problems ..."

According to the statutes of most US states and US Federal statutes, gambling is defined as risking something of value upon the outcome of a contest of chance. Rummy is a game based on skill and not actually considered to be gambling and hence it is not illegal play Rummy for money in most countries. The courts in the United States have ruled in the past regarding Gin Rummy and the legality of skill games. Taken from How to Win at Gin Rummy, Pramod Shankar, Ph.D. (First Carol Publishing Edition, 1997. page 76):

"In mid-1960s a Las Vegas-based Gin Rummy tournament was promoted by mailing flyers to players. The post office objected on the grounds that it was illegal to promote a "game of chance" (a lottery) through postal services. This case ended up in court.  After listening to the testimony of experts that included statisticians and several prominent players, the US District Court of Las Vegas on February 23, 1965, ruled that Gin Rummy is indeed a game of skill."

Gin Rummy is perhaps one of the most simple of all Rummy games and therefore it is fair to assess that, on the face of it, if Gin Rummy is regarded as a game of skill, certainly almost all other Rummy games which introduce greater complexities of play require skills that can only be acquired through experience, attention and many hours of play. One of the key skills in these games is the ability to keep track of those cards that have already been played (the cards in your own hand, those that have been played by yourself and your opponents) and to make an assessment of what cards may remain in play such as those hidden in the stock pile and in the hands of your opponents. Therefore they will involve a larger array of skill influencing outcomes.

The most recent US Federal legislation of September 30, 2006 - H.R.4411 "Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006" Sec. 5362 defines illegal betting or wagering as including "the purchase of a chance or opportunity to win a lottery or other prize (which opportunity to win is predominantly subject to chance)". The new Federal legislation includes a specific allowance for online competitions in games of skill, such as those offered in the form of Rummy games. Therefore skill gaming is in the same position that it was in before the bill, in other words it remains legal in the majority of US States. The bill does not alter the definition of gambling or the legality of skill games.

"If skill games are not unlawful under applicable state or Federal law, then they are not unlawful under this Act. The sponsors of this legislation repeatedly asserted that nothing in this Act converts currently legal activities to unlawful activities," stated Anthony Cabot, an attorney with Las Vegas law firm Lewis and Roca, who is considered to be a leading authority on legal gaming and issues relating to online gambling software.

In an older decision (re Allen) held in a court in California, the general rule was set out: "It is the character of the game rather than a particular player's skill or lack of it that determines whether the game is one of chance or skill. The test is not whether the game contains an element of chance or an element of skill but which of them is the dominating factor in determining the result of the game." The outcome of a hand of Rummy is predominantly based on the player's skill. Each player in the game receives an equally random set of cards but then spends the rest of the game giving and taking cards and so the hand becomes one which he develops on his own accord. Therefore the winner is determined by how quickly and how skillfully each player approaches the game. Such games offer talented players the opportunity to actually make money over time rather than always lose money such as in an online casino where the "house" always wins over the long run.

As once noted by an Arizona Supreme court: "Paying an entrance fee in order to participate in a game of skill ... in the hope of winning prize money guaranteed by some sponsor to successful participants, is a traditional part of American social life. We are reluctant to adopt a statutory interpretation which would turn sponsors of golf, tennis or bridge tournaments ... and the like into class 6 felons ... it is difficult ... to find any moral imperative for a sweeping interpretation of a gambling statute in order to make the sponsor of a crossword puzzle contest a criminal while his next door neighbor, betting a dollar with the state to win a million in the state lottery, is a virtuous citizen" (from Am. Holiday Ass'n 727 P.2d at 812).

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